There are many studies with different bioreactors arrangements and a way of enrichment of hydrogenotrophic methanogens, but the system still has to be optimized for a higher efficiency. The major bottleneck in the process is gas-liquid mass transfer of H 2 and the method of the effective input of hydrogen into the system. Biomethanization of CO 2 can take place directly in anaerobic digesters fed with organic substrates or in separate bioreactors. The possibility of subsequent repowering of the energy of hydrogen to the easily utilizable and transportable form is a biological conversion with CO 2 to biomethane. Discontinuous electricity production from wind and solar energy combined with fluctuating utilization cause serious storage problems that can be solved by power-to-gas strategy representing the production of storable hydrogen via the electrolysis of water. Reducing equivalents to the biotransformation of carbon dioxide from biogas or other resources to biomethane can be supplied by external hydrogen. The biological conversion of CO 2 and hydrogen to methane is well known reaction without the demand of high pressure and temperature and is carried out by hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The exploitation of whole biogas energy is locally limited and utilization of the natural gas transport system requires CO 2 removal or its conversion to methane. If you would like to learn more about PureLine’s chlorine dioxide solutions for oil and gas applications and for treating hydrogen sulfide, fill out the form below to get in contact with a PureLine representative.Biogas produced from organic wastes contains energetically usable methane and unavoidable amount of carbon dioxide. This is a unique advantage of chlorine dioxide treatment versus other oxidizers in that its presence in water can be easily measured using a handheld meter. As long as a residual of chlorine dioxide is maintained it is impossible for hydrogen sulfide to be present. To ensure proper treatment the concentration of chlorine dioxide is measured in the treated water and a residual level is maintained. They also have the capability of being remotely monitored with real-time feedback using sensors in the water stream guaranteeing 100% treatment. The units are manned 24h per day with personnel ensuring all water is treated exactly to specification. Our mobile treatment trailers can be installed and up and running in just a few hours versus days to weeks of installing long distance pipelines. PureLine’s generators have demonstrated to be safe, effective, and have no negative impact on performance of fracturing fluids or well production. PureLine’s chlorine dioxide generators are being used by Oil and Gas companies around the world and have been tested by numerous for use with treated sewage effluent water during hydraulic fracturing operations. PureLine’s Chlorine Dioxide Solution for Hydrogen Sulfide Chlorine dioxide is approximately 10 times more soluble in water than chlorine making it easy to generate and apply in water streams. Chlorine dioxide does not hydrolyze when it enters water it remains a dissolved gas in solution. One of the most important qualities of chlorine dioxide is its high water solubility, especially in cold water. Chlorine dioxide is a very powerful biocide that attacks and kills microorganisms on a cellular level.Ĭhlorine dioxide is a neutral chlorine compound and is very different from elemental chlorine, both in its chemical structure and in its behavior.
HYDROGEN DIOXIDE FREE
Chlorine dioxide acts as a free radical (like hydrogen peroxide) making it both very reactive and very fast reacting.